Page 5: Chelsea institutions

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The most famous residents of Chelsea are the red-coated Pensioners from the Royal Hospital. Modelled on the Hotel des Invalides in Paris it was founded by Charles II in 1682. Sir Christopher Wren was appointed as architect and the first 476 veterans were admitted in 1689. Although some damage was sustained during WWII the building remains unchanged and is constructed around three courtyards with the central one opening onto the river where a statue of Charles II stands. Life in the hospital is run on traditional military lines and competition for admission is fierce.

Chelsea Porcelain Works, founded circa 1745 and run during its most prosperous period by Nicholas Sprimont, was the forerunner of the great artistic tradition in Chelsea. The world-renowned red anchor pieces were produced from 1752 to 1758. It is thought to have been located at the northern end of Lawrence Street but unfortunately no records survive. The works moved to Derby in 1784.

Chelsea Physic Garden was established by the Apothecaries Company in 1676 on land leased from Lord Cheyne and in 1722 Sir Hans Sloane presented the garden to the Company. Cotton seeds sent to America in 1732 helped to establish the industry in Georgia and both the first greenhouse and rock garden originated here. While the garden’s rich history is fully acknowledged, today botanical research is still being carried out.